The editorial expression of l'Architecture Vivante: from persuasive systems to critical editing

[EN] L' Architecture Vivante was a French magazine that pioneered in disseminating the productions of the architectural avant-gardes of the early twentieth century. Today with the passage of time, it has become a relevant historical and cultural document. Its editorial expression is the outcome of different semantic variables that came together, although not without conflict. These include the meanings emanating from the editorial decisions made by Jean Badovici, the implicitness in the semantic frameworks that were characteristic of Ediciones Morancé s editorial design, and the contributions of the published oeuvres. Following the methodology used in cultural studies, we will examine these variables as part of a broad cultural context and interpret them from a standpoint of controversy with the reorganization of mass production processes and the integration of marketing in design, aimed at adapting cultural productions to a consumption situation. The analysis will show that, although L Architecture Vivante aligns itself to some extent with the discursive constructs and editorial encodings that sought to determine and contain the meaning of those searches, it also challenges them, in a way that it still preserves a critical value today.[ES] L' Architecture Vivante fue una revista francesa que divulgó tempranamente la producción de las vanguardias arquitectónicas de comienzos del siglo XX, convertida hoy en un relevante documento histórico-cultural. En su expresión editorial convergen, no sin conflicto, distintas variables semánticas: los significados que emanan de las decisiones editoriales de Jean Badovici, los implícitos en los marcos semánticos característicos del diseño editorial de Ediciones Morancé y los aportados por las obras publicadas. Siguiendo la metodología de los estudios culturales, situaremos estas variables en un contexto cultural amplio, leyéndolas en polémica con las políticas de reorganización de los procesos productivos en masa y la integración del marketing en el diseño para adaptar las producciones culturales a una situación de consumo. Se mostrará que, si bien L' Architecture Vivante se alinea en cierta medida con los constructos discursivos y codificaciones editoriales que trataron de fijar y contener el significado de aquellas búsquedas, también los desafía, conservando aún hoy una valencia crítica.Álvarez Benítez, PV. (2022). La expresión editorial de l'Architecture Vivante: de los sistemas persuasivos a la edición crítica. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 27(44):174-187. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2022.15558OJS174187274

The _editorial essay_ in architecture: framing effects, imaginative montage and editorial criticism

Se discuten las técnicas editoriales de un conjunto heterogéneo de ediciones experimentales de arquitectura del siglo XX, hoy consideradas trabajos seminales. Siguiendo la metodología de los estudios culturales, las leeremos en polémica con las técnicas de diseño que cristalizan con el impulso de la economía cultural en la sociedad de masas. Veremos cómo en ellas el uso del montaje imaginativo confronta la fragmentación y los efectos de enmarcado comúnmente adoptados en la presentación de la arquitectura como tecnología edilicia. Considerar estas relaciones nos permitirá identificar las claves que definirían un posible género crítico a investigar, el ensayo editorial. Si la fragmentación y el enmarcado pueden ser vinculados a diferentes mecanismos de externalización de lo crítico, la conectividad y los desvíos incentivados por el montaje imaginativo —también una técnica cognitiva y persuasiva— aproximan el ensayo editorial a las operaciones de rescate de lo olvidado y de lo excluido propias de la crítica cultural.We discuss the editorial techniques of a heterogeneous set of 20th century experimental books of architecture, today considered seminal works. Following the methodology of cultural studies, we will read them in controversy with the design techniques that crystallize with the impulse of the cultural economy in mass society. We will see how in them the use of imaginative montage confronts the fragmentation and framing effects commonly adopted in the presentation of architecture as building technology. Considering these relationships will allow us to identify the keys that would define a possible critical genre to be investigated, the editorial essay. If fragmentation and framing can be linked to different mechanisms of externalization of the critical, the connectivity and deviations encouraged by imaginative montage —a cognitive and persuasive technique, as well— bring the editorial essay closer to the rescue operations of the forgotten and the excluded characteristic of cultural criticism

Ático Beistegui: bifurcaciones superpuestas

[FR] Cet article propose différentes réflexions sur l’Appartement de Beistegui, afin de construire une nouvelle approche des décisions de projet. Il pose une série de dilemmes, liés à diverses contributions d’auteurs qui ont abordé le sens de l’œuvre de Le Corbusier dans son contexte socio-économique et politico-culturel. Ces dilemmes renvoient à sa vision du rôle de l’architecture face à la transformation de l’environnement habité sous l’avancée technologique après la révolution industrielle et dans le cadre des nouvelles techniques de régulation politique de la société de masses centré sur la consommation, techniques fondées sur la union de la culture et des médias. Avec ce fond implicite, nous opposons les idées pertinentes des auteurs du XX siècle avec des contributions plus récentes, ainsi que deux points de vue: l’expérimentation trans-scalaire de Le Corbusier avec le montage et sa signification pour Beistegui lui-même. Décorateur, collectionneur et citoyen du globe, il n’hésite pas à intervenir dans la ouvre. L’idée que la réinvention des techniques de projet par Le Corbusier répond à une volonté de contrôle es ouvert à une autre possibilité: la recherche d’accords partiels et provisoires, au milieu des contradictions et des incertitudes d’un présent en transition.[EN] This article proposes different reflections on Beistegui Penthouse, in order to build a new approach to project decisions. It poses a series of linked dilemmas, related to various contributions by authors who have approached the meaning of Le Corbusier’s work in its socio-economic and political-cultural context. These dilemmas refer to his vision of the role of architecture in the face of the transformation of the inhabited environment under the technological advance after the industrial revolution and as part of the new techniques of political regulation of mass society focused on consumption, now based on the union of culture and media. With this implicit background, we contrast relevant ideas of 20th century’s authors with more recent contributions, as well as two points of view: Le Corbusier’s trans-scalar experimentation with montage and its meaning for Beistegui himself. Decorator, collector, and citizen of the globe, he does not hesitate to intervene in the design. The idea that Le Corbusier’s reinvention of project techniques responds to a desire to control opens up to another possibility: the search for partial and provisional agreements, amid the contradictions and uncertainties of a present in transition.[ES] Este artículo pone sobre la mesa diferentes reflexiones sobre el Ático Beistegui de Le Corbusier, con objeto de construir un enfoque nuevo sobre las decisiones proyectuales. Cinco epígrafes plantean una serie de disyuntivas encadenadas, relacionadas con diversas aportaciones de autores que se han aproximado al significado de la obra de Le Corbusier en su contexto socioeconómico y político-cultural. Estas disyuntivas se refieren a su visión sobre el papel de la arquitectura ante la transformación del medio habitado bajo el avance tecnológico tras la revolución industrial y como parte de las nuevas técnicas de regulación política de la sociedad de masas enfocada al consumo, ahora basadas en la unión de la cultura y los medios. Con este trasfondo implícito, se contrastan las aportaciones de relevantes autores del s. XX con otras más recientes y dos puntos de vista: la experimentación trans-escalar de Le Corbusier con el montaje y su significado para el propio Beistegui. decorador, coleccionista y ciudadano del globo, que no duda en intervenir en el diseño. La idea de que la reinvención de las técnicas de proyecto responde a una voluntad de control se abre a otra posibilidad: la búsqueda de acuerdos parciales y provisionales, en medio de las contradicciones e incertidumbres de un presente en transición.Álvarez Benítez, PV. (2021). Ático Beistegui: bifurcaciones superpuestas. LC. Revue de recherches sur Le Corbusier. 0(3):42-61. https://doi.org/10.4995/lc.2020.13868OJS426103Adorno, Theodor W. y Horkheimer, Mark. 2007. Dialéctica de la Ilustración. Madrid: Akal.Álvarez, Darío. 2007. El jardín en la arquitectura del siglo XX: naturaleza artificial en la cultura moderna. Madrid: Reverte.Benjamin, Walter. 2014. 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Capital financiero, propiedad inmobiliaria y cultura. Vol. 1. Barcelona: Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona.Olmi, Giuseppe et al. 1985. The Origins of Museums: the cabinet of curiosities in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Europe, Londres: House of Stratus.Margolin, Victor. 1997. The Struggle for Utopia: Rodchenko, Lissitzky, Moholy-Nagy, 1917-1946. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Morales, José. 2005. La disolución de la estancia: transformaciones domésticas, 1930-1960. Madrid: Rueda.Rice, Charles. 2006. The emergence of the interior: architecture, modernity, domesticity, Londres: Routledge.Stafford, Barbara. 1998. Good looking: Essays on the virtue of images. Cambridge: Mit Press.Tafuri, Manfredo. 1976. Architecture and utopia: design and capitalist development. Cambridge: MIT Press.Torres Cueco, Jorge, ed. 2015. Le Corbusier. 50 años después. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València.Tzonis, Alexander. 2001. Le Corbusier: the poetics of machine and metaphor. 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Nómadas. Critical Journal of Social and Juridical Sciences 26

Effect of 15 BMI-Associated polymorphisms, reported for europeans, across ethnicities and degrees of amerindian ancestry in mexican children

In Mexico, the genetic mechanisms underlying childhood obesity are poorly known. We evaluated the effect of loci, known to be associated with childhood body mass index (BMI) in Europeans, in Mexican children from different ethnic groups. We performed linear and logistic analyses of BMI and obesity, respectively, in Mestizos and Amerindians (Seris, Yaquis and Nahuatl speakers) from Northern (n = 369) and Central Mexico (n = 8545). We used linear models to understand the effect of degree of Amerindian ancestry (AMA) and genetic risk score (GRS) on BMI z-score. Northern Mexican Mestizos showed the highest overweight-obesity prevalence (47.4%), followed by Seri (36.2%) and Central Mexican (31.5%) children. Eleven loci (SEC16B/rs543874, OLFM4/rs12429545/rs9568856, FTO/rs9939609, MC4R/rs6567160, GNPDA2/rs13130484, FAIM2/rs7132908, FAM120AOS/rs944990, LMX1B/rs3829849, ADAM23/rs13387838, HOXB5/rs9299) were associated with BMI and seven (SEC16B/rs543874, OLFM4/rs12429545/rs9568856, FTO/rs9939609, MC4R/rs6567160, GNPDA2 rs13130484, LMX1B/rs3829849) were associated with obesity in Central Mexican children. One SNP was associated with obesity in Northern Mexicans and Yaquis (SEC16B/rs543874). We found higher BMI z-score at higher GRS (β = 0.11, p = 0.2 × 10−16) and at lower AMA (β = −0.05, p = 6.8 × 10−7). The GRS interacts with AMA to increase BMI (β = 0.03, p = 6.08 × 10−3). High genetic BMI susceptibility increase the risk of higher BMI, including in Amerindian children

Insights into the procoagulant profile of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without antiphospholipid antibodies

We aimed to identify the key players in the prothrombotic profile of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) not mediated by antiphospholipid antibodies, as well as the potential utility of global coagulation tests to characterize hemostasis in these patients. Patients with SLE without antiphospholipid antibodies and without signs of thrombosis were included. The kinetics of clot formation were determined by ROTEM®. Platelet activation markers were determined by flow cytometry. Thrombin generation associated with Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and microparticles (MPs) was measured by calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT). The plasma levels of PAI-1 were also determined. ROTEM® showed a procoagulant profile in SLE patients. SLE patients had activated platelets and more leukocyte/platelet aggregates at basal conditions. The plasma PAI-1 and platelet aggregates correlated with several ROTEM® parameters. The thrombin generation associated withthe tissue factor (TF) content of MPs and with NETs was increased. Our results suggest the utility of global tests for studying hemostasis in SLE patients because they detect their procoagulant profile, despite having had neither antiphospholipid antibodies nor any previous thrombotic event. A global appraisal of hemostasis should, if possible, be incorporated into clinical practice to detect the risk of a thrombotic event in patients with SLE and to consequently act to prevent its occurrenceThis work was supported by grant from the FIS-FONDOS FEDER (PI19/00772, NVB). E.M.M. holds a predoctoral fellowship from Fundación Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia (FETH-SETH

Study of platelet kinetics in immune thrombocytopenia to predict splenectomy response

Despite the efficacy of splenectomy for chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), its considerable failure rate and its possible related complications prove the need for further research into potential predictors of response. The platelet sequestration site determined by 111In-labelled autologous platelet scintigraphy has been proposed to predict splenectomy outcome, but without standardisation in clinical practice. Here, we conducted a single-centre study by analysing a cohort of splenectomised patients with ITP in whom 111In-scintigraphy was performed at La Paz University Hospital in Madrid to evaluate the predictive value of the platelet kinetic studies. We also studied other factors that could impact the splenectomy outcome, such as patient and platelet characteristics. A total of 51 patients were splenectomised, and 82.3% responded. The splenic sequestration pattern predicted a higher rate of complete response up to 12 months after splenectomy (p = 0.005), with 90% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Neither age, comorbidities, therapy lines nor previous response to them showed any association with response. Results from the platelet characteristics analysis revealed a significant loss of sialic acid in platelets from the non-responding patients compared with those who maintained a response (p = 0.0017). Our findings highlight the value of splenic sequestration as an independent predictor of splenectomy respons

The importance of platelet glycoside residues in the haemostasis of patients with immune thrombocytopaenia

Loss of sialic acid from the carbohydrate side chains of platelet glycoproteins can affect platelet clearance, a proposed mechanism involved in the etiopathogenesis of immune thrombocy-topaenia (ITP). We aimed to assess whether changes in platelet glycosylation in patients with ITP affected platelet counts, function, and apoptosis. This observational, prospective, and transversal study included 82 patients with chronic primary ITP and 115 healthy controls. We measured platelet activation markers and assayed platelet glycosylation and caspase activity, analysing samples using flow cytometry. Platelets from patients with ITP with a platelet count <30 × 103/µL presented less sialic acid. Levels of α1,6-fucose (a glycan residue that can directly regulate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) and α-mannose (which can be recognised by mannose-binding-lectin and acti-vate the complement pathway) were increased in the platelets from these patients. Platelet surface exposure of other glycoside residues due to sialic acid loss inversely correlated with platelet count and the ability to be activated. Moreover, loss of sialic acid induced the ingestion of platelets by human hepatome HepG2 cells. Changes in glycoside composition of glycoproteins on the platelets’ surface impaired their functional capacity and increased their apoptosis. These changes in platelet glycoside residues appeared to be related to ITP severity.This research was funded by FIS-Fondos FEDER PI19/00631, FIS-Fondos FEDER PI19/00772 and Platelet Disorder Support Associatio

Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on patients with immune thrombocytopaenia

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of patients with immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP) treated at our hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Community of Madrid, which has the highest number of COVID-19 cases in Spain. We included 143 adult patients with ITP (130 with chronic ITP, 8 with persistent ITP, and 5 with newly diagnosed ITP). We conducted a telephone survey to collect the data and created a registry. Materials and Methods: Overall, 24 patients presented symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, which was confirmed by RT-PCR in 8 cases. The cumulative incidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher in the patients with ITP than in the Madrid population. There were no differences in the disease incidence or clinical course of infection in the patients treated with immunosuppressants. Almost all of the patients reported adherence to the prescribed treatment, although 49.2% of the hospital visits were either cancelled or postponed, 17.2% because of the patients’ fear of coming to the centre. Nearly half of the cohort was considered vulnerable, and 17% had been granted a dependency or disability benefit. Conclusions: COVID-19 had a major impact on the psychosocial, occupational, and quality of care of patients with ITP.This study was supported by FIS-Fondos FEDER PI19/00631 and PI19/00772 and by the Platelet Disorder Support Associatio

Abstracts

Tradução, para a língua inglesa, dos resumos dos artigos publicados nesta edição

Complications of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background and Aim The use of venous catheters is a widespread practice, especially in oncological and oncohematological units. The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in a cohort of patients. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patient carrying PICCs (n = 603) inserted at our institute between October 2010 and December 2013. The main variables collected were medical diagnosis, catheter care, location, duration of catheterization, reasons for catheter removal, complications, and nursing care. Complications were classified as infection, thrombosis, phlebitis, migration, edema, and/or ecchymosis. Results All patients were treated according to the same “nursing care” protocol. The incidence rate of complications was two cases per 1000 days of catheter duration. The most relevant complications were infection and thrombosis, both with an incidence of 0.17 cases per 1000 days of the total catheterization period. The total average duration of catheterization was 170 days [SD 6.06]. Additionally to “end of treatment” (48.42%) and “exitus”, (22.53%) the most frequent cause of removal was migration (displacement towards the exterior) of the catheter (5.80%). Conclusions PICCs are safe devices that allow the administration of long-term treatment and preserve the integrity of the venous system of the patient. Proper care of the catheter is very important to improve the quality life of patients with oncologic and hematologic conditions. Therefore, correct training of professionals and patients as well as following the latest scientific recommendations are particularly relevant